AG真人游戏

On August 14, the European Commission suddenly announced an anti-dumping investigation on cold-rolled stainless steel products originating from Vietnam to resolve suspicions of trade remedy measures circumvention from Indonesia's anti-dumping.Vietnam cold-rolled stainless steel was suddenly investigated for anti-dumpingOn July 3, the European Commission received a request from the European Steel Association (EUROFER) to investigate the possibility of circumventing anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures on cold-rolled stainless steel from Vietnam, Taiwan, and Turkey. Accordingly, the European Commission suspects that cold-rolled stainless steel products in Vietnam actually originate from Indonesia when this country is currently imposing anti-dumping measures.On August 14, the European Commission launched a circumvention investigation related to anti-dumping, according to which the process is expected to last for 9 months. Specifically, the involved products are on the list of flat-rolled stainless steel products, and they are classified under HS Code including 7219 31 00, 7219 32 10, 7219 32 90, 7219 33 10, 7219 33 90, 7219 34 10, 7219 34 90, 7219 35 10, 7219 35 90, 721 9 90 20, 7219 90 80, 7220 20 21, 7220 20 29, 7220 20 41, 7220 20 49, 7220 20 81, 7220 20 89, 7220 90 20 and 7220 90 80.Because the evasion occurs outside the Union, manufacturers from Vietnam, Taiwan, and Turkey can request exemption opinions from investigation measures. Relevant parties or legal representatives must be present and submit responses within 15 days from the effective date to consult on initiating an investigation.The reason for the anti-dumping investigationEUROFER suspects that stainless steel producers in Indonesia have received significant support from the government in exporting hot-rolled stainless steel to several countries including Vietnam. These products re-export finished stainless steel products and cold rolled stainless steel to the European market.There has been some evidence that stainless steel billets/sheets originating from Indonesia were assembled and finished in Vietnam, Taiwan, and Turkey before they were imported into the European market. Meanwhile, stainless steel sheet products originating from Indonesia have been subject to anti-dumping measures since November 2021.Eurofer General Director Axel Eggert said: "Since the application of anti-subsidy and anti-dumping measures, direct import of cold-rolled stainless steel products from Indonesia has decreased significantly." According to data from MEPS International analysis, Indonesia's stainless steel import volume to the European market peaked at 38,205 tons in the fourth quarter of 2021. By the second quarter of 2022, the import volume had decreased by 74% to 9,781 tons.Currently, Vietnam is the only country among the three countries that recorded a growth in cold-rolled stainless steel exports directly to Europe with output increasing from 11,298 tons to 18,883 tons from the first quarter 4 of 2021 until the second quarter of this year. Accordingly, the mentioned time coincided with when Indonesia began reducing steel imports into the EU market.Opportunities for Vietnamese stainless steel manufacturersThe rapid increase in Vietnam's steel export turnover in recent years has attracted the attention of many countries, leading to a high rate of trade remedy investigations. Most of the lawsuits usually come from large and important markets such as Europe, the US, Mexico, ... these are incredibly potential markets; however, they come with many strict standards and regulations and high risk of trade remedies.Through the above incident, it will be time for Vietnamese steel enterprises, especially domestic stainless steel manufacturers, to consider more strictly controlling the volume of exports, thereby, the Vietnamese steel enterprises can limit adverse effects on the domestic market of the exporting country. Reasonable control of the amount of exported steel with a reasonable price will reduce the anti-dumping investigation rate, protect the manufacturers' interests on both sides and stabilize the market. 

The European Union (EU) has issued Regulation (EU) 2023/1301, amending Regulation (EU) 2019/159 on the application of safeguard measures to some imported steel products. The European Commission does not extend the safeguard duty for an additional year unless the EU鈥檚 steel producers can demonstrate injury from imported goods.1. EU: extension of safeguard measures against imported steel in the form of TRQOn June 2, 2023, the Committee on Safeguards of the World Trade Organization (WTO) announced that the European Union (EU) continued to extend its safeguard measure against imported steel under the form of tariff rate quota (TRQ) for some imported steel products for an additional year. The decision has been valid from July 1, 2023, to June 30, 2024.The reason for the extension is that the domestic steel industry of Europe can suffer significantly from the dumping and export of cheap steel by foreigners. The EC continues to maintain its defense by allocating quotas that are mixed between the way of allocating separate quotas for each country and general quota allocations to the remaining countries. The out-of-quota tariff is 25%. The amount of non-taxable quotas continued to increase by 4% compared to the period from July 1, 2021, to June 30, 2023.Vietnam is subject to a standard quota on a quarterly basis for 8 product groups, including:Group 1: hot rolled steel plateGroup 3B: electrical engineering steel plateGroups 4A, 4B: galvanized steel plateGroup 5: organic coated steel sheetGroup 9: stainless cold rolled steel plateGroup 25B: large steel pipesGroup 26: other steel pipesFor other groups of steel products, Vietnam is exempted from safeguard measures according to the criterion set for a developing country whose import turnover is less than 3%. In case the market share of importing another group of steel products from Vietnam into the EU exceeds 3%, this group will be included in the list of applying TRQ during the annual administrative reviews.2. EU: amending the application of safeguard measures to some imported steelsAfter listening to the recommendations from the relevant countries during the period from 5/6/2023 to 13/6/2023 along with the assessment of whether to terminate the safeguard measure early before June 2023 based on the general import export data in 2022, the EU has issued a new revised regulation effective from 1/7/2023.Under the revised rules, all tariff rate quotas (TRQs) of the safeguard measure will continue to increase by 4% from 1 July 2023. Any member of the WTO that is a developing country is exempted from safeguard duty in case that country's exports to the EU are less than 3% of its total imports for each product category. Vietnam is further applied to category 26 and removed category 3A compared to the old scope.If the aggregate share of imports from developing countries (with individual shares below 3%) exceeds 9% in a specific category, they will be subject to the same measure in that product category.According to the above Regulation, the countries benefiting from the quota expansion by country include Vietnam, Turkey, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Moldova, North Macedonia, Oman, and South Fly.3. Vietnamese steel exports to the EU marketAccording to the latest report on Vietnam's steel market situation of the Vietnam Steel Association (VSA), the total production of the hot rolled coil in 2022 reached 6.04 million tons. Which, exports reached 1.3 million tons, up 0.9% over the same period in 2021.Galvanized sheet production in 2022 reached 4.56 million tons, down 23.4% over the same period in 2021, of which exports reached 2.086 million tons, down 38.1% over the same period in 2021. Steel pipe is one of the leading export products. According to VSA's record, the production output in 2022 reached more than 2.065 million tons, of which the export volume reached 258,873 tons, up 9.1% over the same period in 2021.With increasingly improved production capacity, and strong investment in technology lines, Vietnamese steel is capable of meeting international standards and customer requirements. The advantages of membership in the WTO and the signing of the EVFTA Agreements help Vietnam open up many opportunities to export steel to international markets in general and Europe in particular.Amendments in Regulation (EU) 2019/159 of the European Union positively impact Vietnam's steel industry. As a result, customers can import cheap, high-quality steel and enjoy many tax incentives. 

In October 2021, the European Commission imposed a definitive anti-dumping duty of up to 24.6% on Chinese flat-rolled aluminum products. However, this decision was suspended for 9 months because of specific effects on lines 7060 and 7607 supply. After the review process, the EU lifted this suspension and continued to impose anti-dumping duties on China from July 12, 2022.1. EU: impose temporary anti-dumping duty on flat-rolled aluminum products imported from ChinaOn August 14, 2020, the European Commission received a European Aluminum complaint about the dumping of flat-rolled aluminum imported from China. The products under investigation include plates and roll with a thickness of 0.2 - 6mm as well as coils and strips with a thickness of 0.03-0.2mm, except for aluminum sheets used in the beverage packaging industry, car cover, or aerospace industry application.They are grouped under the HS codes 7606.11.10, 7606.11.91, 7606.11.93, 7606.11.99, 7606.12.20, 7606.12.92, 7606.12.93, 7606.12.99, 7606.91.00, 7606.9 and 7607.11.90.At the conclusion of the investigation, the European Commission implemented anti-dumping measures with duty rates ranging from 19.3 to 46.7% for flat-rolled aluminum products imported from China, effective from 13/04/2021.Specifically, shaped aluminum of Guangdong Haomei New Materials Co Ltd and Guangdong King Metal Light Alloy Technology Co Ltd will be subject to an anti-dumping duty of 21.2%, while that of Press Metal International Ltd is to a duty of 25%. Other companies that "cooperate" in the investigation are 22.1%, and materials from other companies are on duty at 32.1%.2. EU: imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on flat-rolled aluminum products imported from ChinaBy October 12, 2021, the EC had imposed definitive tariffs of up to 19.1-24.6% on flat-rolled aluminum products imported from China to limit dumping, causing damage to the industry of Europe. Flat-rolled aluminum products are one of the core products of EU steel with a market value of 700 million euros.However, on the same day, the Commission suspended the imposition of anti-dumping measures for a period of 9 months (according to the EU Basic Anti-Dumping Regulation, Article 14) to address market fluctuations that occurred after the investigation phase. The demand for aluminum products in the EU market is increasing, so the imposition of anti-dumping measures at this stage will cause supply disruptions and many other severe effects on trade cooperation with China in the future.3. EU: not to prolong the suspension of the definitive anti-dumping duties on imports of flat-rolled aluminum products from ChinaOn 9 March 2022, the European Commission sent a request to the European Aluminum Association and domestic producers to investigate whether the suspension should be extended or not. After considering market movements during the period of analysis (PoA), fluctuations in the aluminum industry that may occur in the near future, the views of importers, exporters, and the EC have decided not to extend the anti-dumping suspension of AFRPs originating in China.Thus, from July 12, 2022, China's flat-rolled aluminum products will be subject to the prescribed anti-dumping tax rate when imported into the EU.Antaike data show that China exported 380,000 tons of aluminum to the EU in 2021, down 17.6% compared to the same period last year. Under the EU's plan, Chinese exporters will be required to declare a carbon border tax from 2023 and be taxed on products that don't meet carbon emission regulations from 2026. These regulations will significantly affect the export of flat-rolled aluminum products from China to the European market. Besides, the challenges of supplying quality and cheap AFRPs to EU importers will increase in the coming time.

Grain-oriented flat-rolled products of silicon-electrical steel (GOES) are high-performance motors required in the EU manufacturing of transformers, generators, grids and wind energy. The EU's GOES market value stands at 鈧�410 million annually. In order to protect domestic producers from serious injury caused by dumping, the EC continues to extend GOES anti-dumping duties on exporters from China, Japan, South Korea, Russia and the United States of America from January 19, 2022.1. EU: Definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of grain-oriented flat-rolled products of silicon-electrical steel from China, Japan, South Korea, Russia and the United States of AmericaAccording to the General Director of the European Steel Association (EUROFER) said 鈥淭he EU energy security and climate objectives can only be met by maintain a viable European GOES industry鈥� so to avoid dependence on foreign supplies such as Asia, the United States, Russia,...the EU were forced to intervene on GOES's import price policy. After receiving the complaint of the European Steel Association (EUROFER) on June 30, 2014, the European Commission initiated an anti-dumping investigation against grain-oriented flat rolled products of silicon-electrical steel ( thickness over 0.16mm) imported from China, Japan, Korea, Russia and the United States. Products subject to investigation are grouped by CN code as follows: ex 7225 11 00 and ex 7226 11 00.On May 12, 2015, the EU decided to impose temporary anti-dumping duties on Grain-oriented flat rolled products of silicon-electrical steel imported from China, Korea, Russia and the United States for a period of 6 months, specifically:The duty rate imposed on GOES originating in China is 28.7% of the net free-at-Union-frontier priceThe duty rate imposed on GOES originating in Japan is 35.9% of the net free-at-Union-frontier price, except JFE Steel Corporation (Tokyo) is subject to a duty of 34,2%.The duty rate imposed on GOES originating in Korea is 22.8% of the net free-at-Union-frontier priceThe duty rate imposed on GOES originating in Russia is 21.6% of the net free-at-Union-frontier priceThe duty rate imposed on GOES originating in the United States is 22.0% of the net free-at-Union-frontier priceOn October 29, 2015, the EU decided to impose definitive anti-dumping duties on grain-oriented flat-rolled products of silicon-electrical steel imported from China, Japan, Russia and the United States (Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2015/1953). The duty rate is calculated based on the European authorities' fixation on the difference between the net free-at-Union-frontier price and the minimum import price. The official notification took effect on October 31, 2015, after the publication of the resolution in the Official Journal of the European Union. The definitive dumping margins express as a percentage of the CIF Union frontier price, duty unpaid, are:CountryCompanyDefinitive dumping marginChinaBaoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., Shanghai21,5 %Wuhan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., Wuhan54,9 %All other companies54,9 %JapanJFE Steel Corporation, Tokyo47,1 %Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation, Tokyo52,2 %All other companies52,2 %Republic of KoreaPOSCO, Seoul22,5 %All other companies22,5 %Russian FederationOJSC Novolipetsk Steel, Lipetsk; VIZ Steel, Ekaterinburg29,0 %All other companies29,0 %USAAK Steel Corporation, Ohio60,1 %All other companies60,1 %2. EU: Extension of anti-dumping duty on duties on grain-oriented flat rolled products of silicon-electrical steel from 5 countriesThe investigation by the European Commission said that if the current anti-dumping measures were to end, the situation of GOES imports from Asian countries, Russia, and the United States would increase, which would be harmful to GOES production of Europe.Therefore, the Commission will continue to implement this measure in the form of minimum import prices. Under WTO rules, the minimum import price is considered a non-tariff trade barrier and is not accepted. However, they are still used as an anti-dumping measure. When the import price is lower than the minimum import price from 21.5 to 39%, the EU will apply anti-dumping duty. Therefore, it remains an acceptable regulation for grain-oriented flat rolled products of silicon-electrical steel to Europe. Although there are still many controversies and objections from Japan and China about this duty, the overall assessment shows that these measures will create a level playing field for domestic GOES producers and exporting countries with high quality GOES into EU.Above are the latest updates of AG真人游戏 Steel on the issue of 鈥淐ommission extends anti-dumping duties on grain-oriented flat rolled products of silicon-electrical steel鈥�. GOES is a strategic, high-end product that plays an important role in the European life and energy sectors. Therefore, the EC always issues policies to protect imported goods in a timely manner to avoid dependence on foreign supplies. This will ensure price stability and the domestic market, but it will also make it difficult for importers to access cheap, high-quality electrical steel sources. 

The trade tensions continued to be a hot topic when Turkey recently imposed an anti-dumping duty on HRC products from the EU and Korea. This decision is seen as retaliation from Turkey based on the fact that their country's HRC source was previously taxed by Europe.The overview of imposing anti-dumping HRCSince January 2021, the Turkish has started an anti-dumping investigation on hot rolled coils imported from the EU and Korea. The investigation was initiated by requirements from the Turkish Steel Association on behalf of domestic steel producers.Hot rolled coil products in the investigation list have codes including 7208.10.00, 7208.25.00, 7208.26.00, 7208.27.00, 7208.36.00, 7208.37.00, 7208.38.00, 7208.39 .00, 7208.40.00, 7208.52.908, 7208.52.908, 7208.52.10, 7208.53.10, 7208.53.90, 7208.54.00, 7211.13.00, 7211.14.00, 7211.19.00, 7212.60.00, 7225.19.10, 7225.30.10, 7225.30.30, 7225.90. .90, 7226.91.20, 7226.91.91 and 7226.91.99In March 2022, the government announced the results of the investigation after a long time for reviewing. Accordingly, HRC importers from the EU and Korea were found to be selling HRC products at a lower price than the floor price in domestic. The Turkish Ministry of Commerce has calculated that the dumping margin of Korean importers ranges from 14 to 18.6%, especially for European HRC steel importers who have been accused of dumping with a margin of high in the range of 23-49%.On July 7, 2022, in the face of arguments about unfair competition, the Turkish Ministry of Commerce decided to impose an anti-dumping duty on importers from the EU and Korea. The tax rate will be calculated in the range of 7-18.8% for HRC products from Europe and 7-8.95% for HRC products originating from Korea.What is the cause of escalating tension? "What we have been doing is a proper answer for the EU after everything they have done to Turkey in the past four years," the Turkish Steel Association vice president declared.In addition, he also said that the imposition of the tax would be an essential step to prevent unfair trade between domestic and foreign manufacturers.Turkey is one of the largest export markets for the EU, and they often look to this country as a solution to eliminating the inventory situation when the demand for steel in the European region is significantly reduced. EU producers have been accused of regularly selling large shipments of steel to Turkish users at lower prices than the prices in Europe, specifically a large factory in France sold steel in Turkey for about 鈧�750/ton, while the domestic price is much more expensive with a specific price above 鈧�900/tons.Although the imposition of an anti-dumping tax has the participation of the EU and South Korea, this is actually seen as a response from the Turkish manufacturers to the EU since the case of anti-dumping duties on HRC products from Turkey in January 2021.Vietnam's Perspective Before Recent Anti-Dumping LawsuitsAs of 2023, Turkey will always be a potential steel export market for Vietnamese suppliers. The trading relationships become significant in the context of steel demand in Turkey increasing sharply to serve the reconstruction of construction structures after the earthquake in January.Although Turkey has previously initiated an anti-dumping investigation on stainless steel pipes from Vietnam, the Turkish Ministry of Industry and Trade has not yet made a final decision on this matter. It can be seen that commercial cooperation between the two countries has always maintained a stable status based on bilateral interests.Particularly for HRC products, Vietnam is considered one of the most potent steel manufacturers with annual output of HRC steel reaching more than 8.6 million tons. Thanks to strong production capacity and technological advances, Vietnam has been able to supply and export HRC worldwide. In just 6 months of 2021, Vietnam's HRC export volume has reached 700,000 tons. 

On October 7, 2020, the EU officially imposed a definitive anti-dumping duty on hot-rolled stainless steel coils and sheets (SSHR) imported from Indonesia, China, and Taiwan. This move is to protect the interests of manufacturers in the European Union such as Belgium, Italy, and Finland against dumping by foreign enterprises. This decision contributed to the protection of nearly 200,000 domestic steel industry jobs and increased the EU's total number of trade remedies measures to 56.1. EU imposes temporary anti-dumping duty on steel imported from Indonesia, China, Taiwan1.1. Steel groups are imposed anti-dumping dutyOn June 28, 2019, the European Steel Association (Eurofer) accused manufacturers of hot rolled stainless steel coils and sheets (SSHR) from Indonesia, China, and Taiwan of dumping, affecting domestic manufacturers and market steel prices. The European Commission accepted the complaint and initiated an anti-dumping investigation on the products subject classified under the HS codes of HS 7219.11, 7219.12, 7219.13, 7219.14, 7219.22, 7219.23, 7219.24, 7220.11 and 7220.12.The general director of EUROFER said that the steel industry of Indonesia, China, and Taiwan have too much capacity, so they export cheap SSHR to European Union nations. Their dumping has caused a lot of damage to the European steel industry, so remedial measures are necessary.1.2. The temporary anti-dumping duty rate for Indonesia, China, and TaiwanOn January 25, 2020, the EC requested import registration for goods from Indonesia, China, and Taiwan for a period of 9 months. Regulations imposing import registration requirements officially took effect on January 24, 2020.On April 8, 2020, the European Commission issued Regulation (EU) 2020/508, imposing temporary anti-dumping duties on goods imported from Indonesia, China, and Taiwan, specifically:The duty rates for imports from China range from 14.5 to 18.9% of the net free-at Union-frontier price before duty depending on the company.The duty rate for imports from Chinese Taipei ranges from 6 to 7.5% of the net free-at Union-frontier price before duty depending on the company.The duty rate for imports from Indonesia is 17% of the net free-at Union-frontier price before duty depending on the company. 2. EU imposed definitive anti-dumping duty on Indonesia, China, TaiwanOn October 7, 2020, the European Commission imposed definitive anti-dumping duty on SSHR from Indonesia, China, and Taiwan. Specifically:The duty rate for imports from Indonesia is 17.3% of the net free-at Union-frontier price before duty depending on the company.The duty rate for imports from Taiwan is 4.1% or 7.5% of the net free-at Union-frontier price before duty depending on the company.The duty rate on imports from China is 9.2 - 19% of the net free-at Union-frontier price before duty depending on the company.One of China and Indonesia's most important industrial exports is stainless steel sheet and cold-rolled coil. Although there is no accurate report on the damage from the new anti-dumping duty from the EU,  it will have a direct impact on the two countries' export and production activities. Faced with the risk of oversupply and great economic damage, the countries involved have made recommendations and objections to the EU's decision to impose anti-dumping duties.Accordingly, the European Commission issued the Commission's Implementation Regulation (EU) 2020/1713 on November 17, 2020, amending the definitive anti-dumping duty rate on SSHR imported from China, Taiwan, and Indonesia in the case of a specific safeguard duty is also applied to the same good. If the official safeguard duty rate is 25% out-of-quota, importers are exempt from anti-dumping duties. 

Trade remedies take place as an apparent trend in the integration process of the global economy. Therefore, it is not surprising that anti-dumping cases are escalating gradually and most recently, the EU imposed anti-dumping duties on Turkish steel products.Overall the evolution of the EU imposed anti-dumping duty on Turkish steelOn August 12, 2022, the European Commission announced the decision to impose anti-dumping duties on galvanized steel products from Turkey. According to information from the commission, an investigation into trade remedies evidence has been started from January 2020 until December 2020 after the request from the European Steel Association (EUROFER). The products under investigation include hot-dip galvanized steel and galvalume steel in both coil and flat forms.After many preliminary investigations, the European Union decided to impose anti-dumping duties ranging from 8% to 11% on galvanized steel products imported from Turkey. The tax rate will be applied depending on the different manufacturing plants for 5 years.Analyze some causes of the lawsuit from the EUExplaining the reason for the incident, the European said that the import price of galvanized steel from Turkey has decreased significantly and it has a significant difference when compared to the price of the steel manufacturers in the EU from 2018. By the end of 2020, the price of Turkish steel will have decreased by half compared to the price of steel from Europe. This evidence is enough for the European Union to conclude that Turkish steel products have been dumped at 2.4 - 39.8%.For a long time, the EU market has always been an important export market for Turkey. By 2021, Turkey's total export of galvanized steel has reached 1.6 million tons, equivalent to a value of 2 billion USD. Along with that, Europe's steel consumption volume reached a stable level from 2017 to 2019 but then decreased by 10% in 2020, the cause partly due to pressure from steel imported from Turkey.The EU's decision to apply an anti-dumping policy is seen as a negative effect on Turkish exporters, but it helps European factories reduce price pressure among a series of international exporters. As a result, EU producers can implement a strategy to stabilize prices as well as reduce rivalry from competitors.Some reactions from Turkey importers face to anti-dumping dutyBefore the results of the anti-dumping duties, the Turkish Steel Exporters Association had fierce controversies. Accordingly, the Turkey side declared that the price of galvanized steel was directly affected by the previous price fluctuation of HRC. However, the EU side rejected this claim.In addition, the European Union also rejected some opinions that the cause of their steel output decline was mainly due to weak demand. Some experts believe that European manufacturers have invested in inappropriate strategies during and after the Covid pandemic has caused operating capacity to exceed consumption, leading to substantial losses which adversely affect profits.鈥淥ur export situation will be aggravated by these decisions, there is a high rate of possibility that we will lose in the competitive position compared to India, Korea, and Vietnam,鈥� said the Export Association. Turkish Steel (CIB) commented. Vietnam's perspective on Turkey's anti-dumping dutyWhen faced with the anti-dumping tax case from Turkey, Vietnam expressed severe concern about the anti-dumping issue as a steel exporter. Vietnam and Turkey both have similarities in the export market while the EU market has always been one of the four largest markets for Vietnam's galvanized steel industry.Currently, Vietnam is considered one of the countries with rapid growth in export turnover when many of Vietnam's export products, including galvanized steel, certainly create competitive pressure on domestic markets. This development causes many countries to pay attention including the European Union. Therefore, the galvanized steel industry is predicted to be no exception to this inevitable trend with a high probability of imposed trade remedies tax policies in the future.Although Vietnam's galvanized steel has not yet been subject to trade remedy lawsuits when exporting to the European market, it will be limited in quantity instead. Specifically, on 1st July 2022, Vietnam's galvanized steel exports will be managed under a quota of 1.8 million tons. If the export volume in the year exceeds the quota, the import tax will have to pay an additional 25%.In the worries about anticipating trade remedies from Europe in the future, the European market has always been a potential export land for Vietnamese steel manufacturers. Because it has only 3 of a total of 23 products subject to quotas including cold rolled steel, galvanized steel, and stainless steel. The remaining 20 types of steel products temporarily do not apply to quotas and are not subject to additional tax rates. 

Russian galvanized steel has created tremendous competitive pressure in the European market. This forces the EU to apply trade remedies to ensure the development of the European Union bloc.Russia is hit with anti-dumping duties by the EURussia is the world's 3rd largest steel exporter, with annual steel exports reaching 28 million tons. In the Europe market, Russia is currently the second-largest supplier of steel to Europe after Turkey. The excessive export of galvanized steel to Europe is said to be the act of destroying competitors and expanding the market, which is an act of unfair competition and should be prevented. There have been lawsuits alleging that galvanized steel products are dumped from Russia on the European market, affecting the region's steel market economy.The European Steel Industry Association (Eurofer) initiated the investigation after receiving a report from Commodity Insights. According to the lawsuit, Europe's average galvanized steel production remained stable from 2017 to 2019, but prices remained higher than those imported from Russia. However, in the period from 2019 to 2020, EU steel production decreased by 10%, mainly due to the impact of cheap Russian steel flooding the European market. This makes the EU steel market volatile, and domestic steel enterprises suffer a decline in output and revenue.From January to December 2020, the EC opened an investigation into the imports of galvanized steel products from Russia into EU countries to determine whether these products are being dumped and whether such imports cause harm or damage to EU domestic steel producers. The products investigated fall under HS codes 7210410020, 7210410030, 7210490020, 7210490030, 7210610020, 7210610030, 7210690020, 7210690030, 7210908092, 7212300020, 7212300030, 7212506120, 7212506130, 7212506920, 7212506930, 7212509014, 7212509092, 7225920020, 7225920030, 7225990022, 7225990023, 7225990041, 7225990092, 7225990093, 7226993010, 7226993030, 7226997013, 7226997093 v脿 7226997094.The EC determined that Russian galvanized steel products had a dumping margin of between 2.4% and 39.8%. The fact that galvanized steel products are imported from Russia and dumped in the EU market makes domestic manufacturers unable to sell their products, putting pressure on the national economy.Accordingly, on August 12, 2022, the EU imposed an anti-dumping order on galvanized steel products from Russia after concluding this investigation. The EU imposed anti-dumping orders on galvanized steel products originating from Russia after the conclusion of this investigation. Russian steel mills will be subject to specific duties, as follows: Anti-dumping duties on steel from Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Plant amounted to 36.6%, Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant to 10.3%, Severstal to 31.3%, and other Russian enterprises to 37.4%.Vietnam - An alternative to RussiaMost EU countries import steel from Russia, EU anti-dumping duties on Russian galvanized steel disrupted the EU steel market, affecting supply in other industries. The EU and Vietnam share the same EVFTA trade agreement, which is an opportunity for EU countries when importing steel from Vietnam. The joint trade agreement helps EU countries avoid being subject to import duties when importing galvanized steel originating from Vietnam. This helps countries in the EU import quality steel at a more reasonable cost than importing steel from other countries.As one of the significant steel exporters in the world today, the prolonged conflict between Russia and Ukraine directly affects global raw material resources, including the steel industry. The shortage of steel supply from Russia will cause steel prices in Europe to rise, especially as many steelmakers in Europe have had to reduce capacity because of soaring energy costs. This is also a condition for Vietnamese steel enterprises such as Hoa Sen Group, Hoa Phat Group, Nam Kim Steel... boost the export of galvanized steel to this potential market, replacing the gap left by Russia. 

Tensions in trade between Turkey and the EU have always been a never-ending matter. Recently, on April 18, 2023, the European Commission expanded an investigation against the sale of hot rolled stainless steel prices from Turkey due to suspicions about the origin of these items from Indonesia.1. EU accuses Turkey's support of cheating for Indonesian steel to enter the marketThe EU  has discovered that Turkey's HRSS (hot roll stainless steel) has been disposed of before being dispensed to the European market. This has raised doubts when the origin of this item comes from Indonesia, which is considered a severe circumvention of the anti-dumping duty.Statistical table of SSR import volume from Turkey and Indonesia to the EU marketIn October 2020, the European Commission imposed an anti-dumping duty on hot-rolled stainless steel imported from Indonesia at a rate of 17.3%.However, on June 17, 2022, the European Commission received an investigation requesting signs of anti-dumping tax evasion from Indonesian manufacturers. Products investigated in the following codes: HS 7219 11, 7219 12, 7219 13, 7219 14, 7219 22, 7219 23, 7219 24, 7220 11, and 7220 12.Some data provide that there has been a significant change in the volume import of stainless steel plates (the primary raw material for the production of hot-rolled stainless steel) from Indonesia to Turkey and the volume of exports of hot-rolled stainless steel surged from Turkey to the European market. The European side believes that Indonesian manufacturers have circumvented the law by changing the location of product assembly and borrowing from consignment in Turkey to avoid anti-dumping tax.Statistical table of imported stainless steel plates from Indonesia to the Turkey market2. Some responses from Turkish steel exportersAfter the announcements, 脟olako臒lu - a steel exporter in Turkey argued against it. He said it was an absurd and unfounded decision when the EU only relied on statistical data about Turkey's hot-rolled stainless steel imports and the number of stainless steel plates from Indonesia to conclude.In addition, other exporters in Turkey claim that importing stainless steel plates from Indonesia is a normal commercial activity as it helps Turkey steel factories have more diverse input materials. In the opinion of Turkey's steel exporters, the EU's expansion of investigation measures and the imposition of anti-dumping duties on Turkey will give them more losses than benefits they receive. Specifically, the price will be increased many times; the most damaged person is still the end user in the region, which seems to go against the interests of the Alliance.3. What is the direction for steel exporters in the EU market?Europe has long been recognized as an essential market with much potential but is fraught with strict barriers. One of the typical challenges is the level of tariff quotas for imported steel and numerous recent trade remedy lawsuits.From the perspective of Vietnam - one of the countries with outstanding export development, steel is a commodity getting involved in trade remedy lawsuits quickly. Although Vietnam's steel export situation still faces trade remedies in Europe, opportunities still exist for Vietnamese steel manufacturers.Until now, Vietnam has 15 contracts of Free Trade Agreements, such as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), the Vietnam-EU FTA (EVFTA), etc. Depending on this covenant, import tariffs are reduced significantly compared to other countries in the region.As for anti-dumping, steel products imported from Vietnam to the EU are complementary and not in direct competition. The reason is that the import proportion of Vietnamese steel enterprises is still relatively low, so it is not enough to threaten the competition of manufacturers in the region. 

According to a recent European Steel Association (Eurofer) report, steel consumption in the EU will rise again in 2024 at a rate of 5.4%. This is a positive sign for the European Union economy when the growth of steel demand will stimulate investment activities in construction and automobile production.The energy crisis directly affects steel consumption in the EUSince the war between Russia and Ukraine has taken place, energy prices here have been affected strongly when Russia decided to cut off gas supplies in retaliation for sanctions from the EU.Specifically, in September 2022, energy prices in Europe peaked when inflation reached 40%, which caused gas prices to increase 15-20 times compared to the normal level. High gas prices mean that electricity will be more expensive, energy costs often account for 25%-30% of product costs, and pressure from input material has stopped many steel manufacturers in the area.The specific data of energy inflation in Europe from 2020 - 2023Faced with the shortage of gas energy sources, the Association of Steel Manufacturers has simultaneously called on the government to sponsor anti-crisis policies. In February 2023, the crisis situation showed signs of abating when energy inflation in Europe was only 16.6%. Thanks to government support, dependence on energy from Russia has reduced, and convenient weather in winter has helped decrease energy consumption in Europe. In early 2023, energy prices in the EU fell to roughly the same level as at the period when Russia began attacking Ukraine.The recovery of the construction and automobile industry stimulated steel demandThe construction and auto industries are typical sectors that account for a large percentage of steel consumption in the EU market. Specifically, the construction industry, which accounts for 35% of the total EU steel demand, has shown signs of recovery in 2022. Although the recovery has returned, the growth rate is assessed to be slow due to tight monetary policies and inflation is still there.The market share of the steel-consuming industries in EuropeEU car production started to grow in the second half of 2022, however, consumption volume declined due to pressures from the lack of manufacturing components and the loss of consumer confidence after the time of the energy crisis.According to many reports, the number of car registrations in the region is expected to continue to grow by 5% in 2023. Experts predict that the steel consumption for the automotive sector will increase clearly by the production orders remaining from 2022. The lack of energy caused many manufacturing plants to temporarily close, leading to a lot of uncompleted production orders.Some predictions come from the World Steel Association, global steel demand in 2023 will increase by 2.3% compared to 2022, reaching 1822 billion tons. Many experts expect this number to continue to rise in a more positive direction in 2024 with a growth rate of 1.7% compared to 2023, to 1854 billion tons.Opportunities for Vietnam before the recovery from steel consumption in the EUAlthough the problem of gas shortages in Europe has been minimized thanks to the sponsor from the government, this will not be a viable solution in the long term. The pressure of the lack of input materials will slow down the growth of steel production in the EU, and this domino effect will approach other manufacturing industries that depend on steel.By the end of 2022 and the whole of 2023, Europe will need to depend on imported sources of HRC steel, galvanized steel, and long steel to further serve the steel consumption for construction and manufacturing industries in the region. This will be an excellent opportunity for Vietnamese steel businesses because this country is also one of the few steel importers that have not been taxed on trade remedies in the European market. Currently, the EU is imposing an import quota of about 2 million tons per year for Vietnam in the period from July 2021 to June 2024.