AG真人游戏

The purpose of the steel mills assessment is to select the right supplier for the enterprise's requirements. That's important, but many businesses are still wondering what the objective and accurate evaluation criteria are. The following article summarizes the criteria for evaluating steel mills so that you can choose reliable partners.Reputation of steel millsWhen evaluating a steel mills, the reputation of the factory is the first factor and also a decisive factor in deciding whether to cooperate or not. To consider whether the factory is reputable enough, we need to note a few aspects:Clear information: Does the factory really exist? Address, contact method, business license or not?Transparency in cooperation: Does the factory ensure the supply of raw materials and maintain long-term cooperative relationships with partners?Review of legal issues: View legal procedures related to past and current factory contracts; Is the factory's legal compliance guaranteed?Product qualityThis is the most important criterion when any business wants to make a decision about choosing a steel mills. When sourcing products, businesses will proceed to provide criteria for quotes, product quality, materials, durability, aesthetics,... From there, make a detailed assessment and draw the conclusion that the product of this factory is suitable for the needs of the business you are looking for. You should build a form, a tracking sheet in the form of a scale, to comment on all aspects of the quality of goods supplied by the factory.In addition, it is also necessary to consider the damage rate of the goods. Specifying a specific risk level or criterion after the time of importing goods and conducting inventory, based on that ratio to track the quantity, find out if the cause of damaged goods is due to the transportation process or supplier error.Production capacity of steel millsProduction capacity is one of the important criteria for evaluating steel mills. The assessment of the production capacity of the factory will clarify the efficiency of the factory's production activities and its ability to meet the needs of the market. A factory with a large production capacity is equivalent to an abundant labor force and modern machinery and equipment. Besides, production capacity also helps to assess the potential of the mill development. The larger the steel mills production capacity, the larger the mill.Product delivery performanceIn the criteria for evaluating steel mills, it is indispensable to evaluate the factory's product performance. Ensuring the performance of the factory's product supply determines the business plan of the enterprise. Therefore, suppliers need to ensure credibility in the time and quantity of products provided. Below are the factors used to evaluate the product supply performance of steel mills:Order fulfillment time: The time from the beginning of order fulfillment to when the supplier delivers the goods to your business.Reliability of delivery: Ensure the agreed delivery time, sure delivery, the right type of goods, the right quality, and the quantity of goods according to the contract.Information: Information is exchanged throughout the steel mills and your business.Flexibility: The steel mill's ability to adapt its product supply to changing conditions.Production technology of steel millsCurrently, steel mills around the world use three main production technologies, including the basic oxygen furnace (BOF), the electric arc furnace (EAF), and the induction furnace (IF). In which BOF technology accounts for the majority, EAF and IF technologies account for a little and very little. This is also an important criterion that businesses need to pay attention to make objective and accurate assessments of steel mills.The fact that factories use modern production technologies not only brings high-quality products but also contributes to saving energy. Technological improvements and upgrades promise to be outstanding advances in product quality and output.Product price and payment methodProduct prices and payment methods are indispensable criteria in the steel mills evaluation criteria table. This criterion affects the buyer's ability to buy and profit. If there are two suppliers with the same quality and performance of products and services, the one with the cheaper price will bring more profits to the business. Evaluation factors may include:Competition: The price paid should be comparable to that of other competitors. Enterprises should have quotes from many steel mills for comparison and better evaluation.Accuracy and stability: The price on the order and on the invoice should only have a small difference. If there is a change in the price, the supplier should notify customers in advance. Prices also need to be stable over time.Payment transparency: The average time it takes to receive a credit note should be reasonable. The estimated cost should not change significantly from the final invoice. Supplier invoices should be timely and easy to read and understand.Customer serviceCustomer services help businesses in cases of problems such as product errors, missing orders, low-quality products,... Therefore, this is a criterion that cannot be ignored when proceeding with the steel mills assessment.When conducting supplier evaluation, it is necessary to collect opinions on the quality of support, the attitude of the supplier and response time to support requests, the qualifications of the support staff,... Customer service will be evaluated through three timelines: before the transaction, during the transaction, and after the transaction.Thus, the above article has summarized seven criteria for evaluating steel mills. However, to conduct the assessment according to the above seven criteria, enterprises need to have accurate, transparent, and complete information about the factory. I hope this information is useful for you in choosing a reputable and quality steel mills.

Purlins are one of the materials that help support the structural framework, most often below the roof. Purlins carry the roof desk load and are supported by building walls, steel beams, rafters,... Purlins are an indispensable part of every project, so choosing the perfect purlin ensures the safety of the entire building. In this article, AG真人游戏 Steel will share some tips for choosing the most suitable purlins to make the roof frame for the project.1. Choose the appropriate purlin materialPurlins combine with rafters to create a roof frame, combining the support of beam frames, walls or steel beams. When choosing the material of the purlin, importer can consider between black pipe steel, galvanized steel or high-strength steel. Each material has pros and cons in terms of strength and cost, so importers need to assess the building design to choose the most optimal material. However, to ensure the safety of the project, steel purlins must be able to withstand high loads, resist corrosion, rust and be unaffected by environmental factors.2. Choose the ideal type of purlinThis is one of the important factors when deciding which type of purlin for your project. C and Z shaped purlins are the two most popular types, have high applicability and unique characteristics as follows:C purlins are made from black or galvanized steel with a C shape and used in structural framework for factories, houses,... Importers can contact AG真人游戏 Steel for advice on the most suitable dimensions, thickness and length for their specific application.Z purlins are manufactured from hot-rolled, cold-rolled, galvanized steel, shaped like the letter Z, so it is easy to stack and connect through bolted joints. Because of this characteristic, the Z shaped purlin has a higher thickness and durability than the C shaped purlin.3. Install purlins properlyCalculating the distance to install purlins compared to the corrugated iron roof in a reasonable, economical and safe way is important in choosing purlins for the project.Firstly, safety and sustainability are the top criteria, requiring the distance between purlins and corrugated iron roofs to be standard and reasonable. Next, if the purlins are not aligned or installed too far or too close, roofing will cost a lot of time and money. Finally, if the purlin distance is not suitable, it also reduces the building's load-bearing capacity, especially making it difficult to repair and maintain periodically.4. No weld/heat cutWelding or heat cutting methods are not used when installing purlins because high temperatures can affect the durability and strength of the purlins.5. Choose a reputable supplier and manufacturerPurlins are a key part in construction projects, so factories always produce many specifications to meet all customer needs. Importers can also find cheap sources from China, India,... but for some countries with strict regulations on C/O or trade defense measures, this option is not feasible. Meanwhile, Vietnam belongs to the group of countries with a developing economy, so it enjoys many preferential duty rates and import policies to the EU, United States, Australia, Mexico, Malaysia,...Vietnam has crude steel output ranked 13th on the world steel map and the largest in Southeast Asia, ensuring abundant and high-quality supply for customers. Many of Vietnam's largest factories do not receive orders directly from importers but through intermediary support units such as AG真人游戏 Steel.AG真人游戏 Steel provides solutions for importing Vietnamese steel to more than 30 countries around the world, with a network of links with many reputable steel factories and shipping lines to promote the fastest and most optimal delivery process. Importers can contact us via Email: [email protected] or Hotline: +84 28 36 22 33 58 for more detailed advice on the Vietnamese steel market and products.

Steel melting is a complex process, many stages and requires many advanced technologies to create finished products of outstanding quality, meeting the stiff demands in construction. The process has 3 main steps: iron ore treatment, blast furnace molten iron smelting and impurity treatment to form billets and finished products. In this article, AG真人游戏 Steel will describe in detail the steel melting process to help you better understand the nature of this metal.1. What is iron ore steel melting?The process of making steel from scrap steel is relatively simple because the raw material only needs to go through an electric arc furnace (EAF) or an induction furnace (IF) to smelt into square billets and roll out the final product. Meanwhile, steel made from iron ore has to go through a long process with many different complicated stages. Iron ores are rocks containing metallic minerals that are mined and processed to produce steel. Different types of iron ore contain different proportions of iron, divided into 3 basic types:Magnetite: The chemical formula of this ore is Fe3O4 containing 72.41% iron. In nature, the amount of magnetite iron ore is very rare because they possess the highest iron contentHematite: This is an iron ore with 70% iron content, after magnetite, the chemical formula is Fe2O3. In Greek, hematite ore means blood because of their characteristic red color, easily found in Asia, Australia, and Brazil.Pyrit: The chemical formula is FeS2 containing iron content up to 46.67% with metallic, golden copper color. It is the most common of the sulfide minerals.2. What is the process of making steel from iron ore?Step 1: Iron ore processingIron ore with the main components being iron oxides Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 in raw form, with different contents and sizes, processed, mixed according to the required ratio, combined with coke coal, lime and dolomite to put into the furnace to produce liquid cast iron. The product is an alloy of Fe and C with a Carbon content of more than 1.7%. Carbon is an important element affecting the hardness, ductility and toughness of steel. When %C is in the range of 0.8-1%, the steel has the best strength and hardness, but if the ratio exceeds 1%, they begin to decrease. Therefore, the manufacturer reduces C in cast iron and some other harmful impurities (Cu, Ni, Cr) to less than 0.03%. Liquid cast iron water, after being transferred to an oxygen furnace, helps to melt iron ore and reduce the level of impurities such as sulfur, phosphorus,...Step 2: Create a liquid of molten steelFrom the molten cast iron in stage 1, it will continue to be led to the basic furnace or electric arc furnace to treat impurities and combine some other metals such as manganese, chromium, nickel, aluminum, copper, ... to enhance the technical properties of the steel and create the grade required by the market.Step 3: Roll billet, finished steelWhen step 2 has been completed, the liquid metal is put into casting machine systems to form billets or finished construction steel products such as rebar, coil, hot rolled steel,....There are 3 main types of bar stock, slab and bloom, which are cast in two different states: hot casting and cold casting. For bar stock with cross section of 100x100, 125x125 and 150x150, length 6.9m or 12m  for use as coil and rebar. Slabs are often used to make hot rolled coils, cold rolled coils or V-C-U-H sections, while bloom can completely replace both bar stock and slabs.3. Vietnam's modern steelmaking technologyThanks to the closed steel melting process, advanced technology lines imported directly from G7 countries such as Tenova group, Danieli - the leading corporation in Europe and the world in metallurgical and steel rolling equipment, has turned ore into high quality products without impurities. Products after steel melting have impurities below 0.03%, lower than the standards of many fastidious import markets in the world.The process of smelting steel from ore removes many harmful impurities such as S, P, so the finished steel has strength and longer life expectancy. Steel made from iron ore possesses superior physical and mechanical properties and can be rolled into products with a higher diameter and grade of steel such as D55 construction steel, tensile strength reaching over 600N/m2, suitable for construction projects, bridges, ports, skyscrapers,鈥teelmaking is a complex production process, requiring many modern technologies and lines to ensure product quality and not cause pollution to the environment. Vietnam is one of the countries with the leading steel melting capacity in the world. For any inquiry and request for quotation, please contact AG真人游戏 Steel via Email: [email protected] for detailed advice.

How to import quality steel, avoid fraud, commit to delivering the right quantity, on time, and have good after-sales customer service? The common answer to all of these questions is: "Looking for a reputable, quality steel import support unit". Let's explore the qualities that a steel partner should possess with AG真人游戏 Steel.1. Commitment to quality and continuous improvementWhile price is a crucial factor in purchasing decisions, importers cannot overlook the quality of the products. Quality greatly affects project performance, safety and various complex issues.When selecting a supplier, it's essential to understand who your partner is, their market position and they must have clear and stringent commitments to quality, origin of the goods. Products should meet international standards such as ISO 9001, ASTM, JIS,... and adhere to international quality management systems. Additionally, steel suppliers should continuously invest in and improve their production processes based on feedback from customers.2. Rich experience in steelExperience is a fundamental requirement in any industry, from manufacturing to business. Choosing partners with extensive experience in the field of iron and steel and a certain level of reputation in the market not only helps you feel secure in cooperation but also offers mutually beneficial business solutions.3. Proactive and flexibleIn terms of production process, the factory must be flexible and ready to meet customers' individual requirements. In addition, importers also appreciate the initiative of businesses in always having a certain amount of steel product inventory in case of special cases.4. Adherence to Contract TermsImporting steel often involves a time-consuming and complex process, including customs procedures and multiple stages of shipping. Therefore, it's crucial for steel suppliers to fulfill their contractual obligations to avoid disruptions to customers.5. Excellent after-sales servicesAfter delivering steel orders, the seller's responsibility doesn't end. They must continue to address issues that may arise, such as lack of goods, damage, warranty and return,... Not all companies are equally responsible and capable of handling these risks, so importers need to thoroughly assess a partner's credibility and customer care attitude before deciding to collaborate.6. AG真人游戏 Steel - Vietnamese steel import solution providerAG真人游戏 Steel has more than 12 years of experience in the field of sourcing and importing Vietnamese steel to many countries and territories around the world. The company has expanded its operations and has a team of top experts in market analysis, procurement, supply chain, communication,鈥� This allows importers to connect with the largest steel brands in Vietnam at the most optimal cost.With its existing capacity and potential, AG真人游戏 Steel is the top choice of many importers from the United States, Europe, England, Australia, Mexico, India, Southeast Asian,... when they need high-quality Vietnamese steel. AG真人游戏 Steel always maintains its strategic vision of becoming the leading supplier and importer of Vietnamese steel in the region, so customers can rest assured to experience the best services from us.If you need to understand the market and import Vietnamese steel, please contact AG真人游戏 Steel via Email [email protected] for 24/7 support.

ASTM standards are critical in the classification and evaluation of the material, chemical, mechanical and metallurgical properties of products. Currently, there are 12,575 ASTM standards in various fields recognized by the international community. ASTM standard can be seen as an advantage to help iron and steel manufacturers easily access fastidious markets.1. What is ASTM?ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) is an international standards organization that researches and publishes technical standards for materials, systems, and services around the world.ASTM was founded in 1898 with its headquarters in West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania and today has 12,575 voluntary consensus ASTM standards operating globally. ASTM set the stage for other standards organizations to come later, such as BSI (1901), IEC (1906), DIN (1917), ANSI (1918), AFNOR (1926) and ISO (1947).2. What is the ASTM standard?ASTM standards are a set of technical standards for materials and products around the world that are agreed and accepted by the international community. ASTM standards are widely used in many areas such as:Iron and steel productsNon-ferrous metal productsAnalytical procedures and methods for metal testingBuildPetroleum products, lubricants and mineral fuelsPaints, aromatic compounds and coating compoundsTextilePlasticsRubberElectronics and insulationEnvironmental and water technologyGeothermal, solar and nuclear energyMedical services and suppliesGeneral equipment and methodsGeneral, chemical and end-use productsThe American Society for Testing and Materials does not require manufacturers to comply with ASTM standards, but in trading, companies may require compliance with certain standards. In particular, the ASTM community currently has 30,000 members from more than 140 countries, so the production of iron and steel meeting ASTM standards contributes to bringing products to the world, successfully approaching fastidious markets.3. Why do ASTM standards matterScientists, engineers, architects or businesses and government agencies rely on ASTM standards to ensure the quality and consistency of materials. While using of these standards is voluntary, they are mandatory when cited in contracts, laws or government regulations.ASTM standards are essential in the classification and evaluation of material, chemistry, coherence and metallurgy properties. Manufacturers can adopt the ASTM standard for proper processing and application procedures. You can refer to the official ASTM to search for more than 12,000 available standards divided into 80 categories in 15 related fields.4. Current popular ASTM standards4.1. ASTM A53/A53 鈥� 18ASTM A53/A53 鈥� 18 Applies to standard specification measurement for black and hot-dip galvanized, welded and seamless steel pipes. The table of chemical composition, mechanical properties and tolerances according to ASTM A53 is as follows:Chemical Composition:C maxMn maxP maxS maxCoating ThicknessCoating MethodANgr/m2oz/ft20.25%0.95%0.05%0.45%564981.63Hot Dip CoatingPhysico-mechanical propertyTensileFlexural StrengthFlat CompressionTensileMelting PointRelative ElongationClassifyAngle BendingRadiusWelding positionWeldingTube SurfacePsi (Mpa)Psi (Mpa)%Black Pipes180掳4D90掳 2/3D1/3D48.000 (330)30.000 (205)E=625,000x A鈦八櫬� / U鈦八欌伖Alloy  Pipes90掳 6DTolerance: ToleranceWeight-10%+10%Diameter鈮� 1-1/2" (脴 48.3)鈮� 2" (脴 60.3)+ 0,4mm - 1%- 0,4mm + 1%Thickness- 12.5% Length- 0 mm+ 50mm4.2. ASTM A123 StandardASTM A123 represents the standard specification of zinc coating (hot-dip galvanizing) on iron and steel products. This standard specifies the zinc coating with hot dipping process on steel products that are processed, rolled, pressed and forged shapes, castings, plates, bars,...ASTM A123 is also applicable to unfabricated steel products. For example: assembled steel products, structural steel, steel pipes that are bent or welded before galvanizing,...ASTM A123 is not applicable to galvanized steel wire, pipe or sheet on dedicated or continuous lines or to steel products less than 22 gage thick.Thickness CoatingCoatingmilsoz/ft2碌mg/m2351.40.835245451.81.045320502.01.250355552.21.355390602.41.460425652.61.565460753.01.775530803.11.980656853.32.0856001003.92.31007054.3. Some other ASTM steel standardsSteel Pipes 鈥� Round Steel PipesA53 鈥� A53/A53M-99b : Steel specification, hot-dip, galvanized, welded and cast steel pipeA74 鈥� A74-98 : Specification for cast iron pipes and fittingsA106 鈥� A106-99e1 : High temperature cast carbon steel pipe specificationA126 鈥� A126-95e1 : Gray cast iron specification for valves, flanges and round pipe fittings.A134 鈥� A134-96 : Electrically fused (arc) and welded steel pipe specification (for sizes NPS 16 and up).A135 鈥� A135-97c : Specification of resistance welded steel pipe.A139 鈥� A139-96e1 : Electrically fused (arc) and welded steel pipe specification (for sizes NPS 4 and above).A182 鈥� A182/A182M-99 : Specification for forged or rolled alloy steel pipe flanges, forging fittings, valves and high temperature components.A252 鈥� A252-98 : Specification of welded and cast steel pipe piles.A312 鈥� A312/A312M-00 : Welded and cast austenitic stainless steel pipe specification.A333 鈥� A333/A333M-99 : Specification for low temperature welded and cast steel pipes.A335 鈥� A335/A335M-99 : Specification for high temperature cast ferritic alloy steel pipe.A338 鈥� A338-84 (1998): Specification for ductile iron (ductile iron) flanges, pipe fittings and valve fittings for railway, marine and other heavy duty services at elevated temperatures up to 650oF (345oC)A358 鈥� A358/A358M-98 : Specification of high temperature electro-welded austenitic chromium-nickel alloy steel pipe.A369 鈥� A369/A369M-92 : Specification for forged Carbon and Ferritic alloy steel pipe, drilled at high temperature.A376 鈥� A376/A376M-98 : Specification of Austenitic steel pipe cast in high temperature center.A377 鈥� A377-99 : Specification of ductile iron (ductile) ductwork.A409 鈥� A409/A409M-95ae1 : Specification of welded Austenitic steel pipe, large diameter in corrosive or high temperature environment.A426 鈥� A426-92 (1997): Specification for high temperature centrifugal cast ferritic alloy steel pipesA451 鈥� A451-93 (1997): Specification for high temperature centrifugal cast Austenitic steel pipesA523 鈥� A523-96 : Specification of resistance welded steel pipe, molded for high voltage cable circuit.A524 鈥� A524-96 : Carbon steel pipe specification cast in air and lower temperatures.A530 鈥� A530/A530M-99 : Specification of general requirements of carbon steel and special alloy pipesA648 鈥� A648-95e1 : Specification of steel wire, hard drawn for prestressed concrete pipes.A674 鈥� A674-95 : Polyethylene coating practice for ductile iron (ductile) steel pipes in water or other liquidsA691 鈥� A691-98 : Carbon alloy steel pipe specification, electric welding at high temperature and high pressure.A694 鈥� A694/A694M-00 : Specification for forging of Carbon alloy steel for pipe flanges, fittings, valves and components with high pressure transmission.A716 鈥� A716-99 : Specification of ductile iron sewer pipes.A733 鈥� A733-99 : Cast and welded austenitic carbon steel or stainless steel threaded pipe coupling specification.A742 鈥� A742/A742M-98 : Specification of sheet steel, corrugated steel pipe with polymer coating and metal plating.A746 鈥� A746-99 : Specification for ductile iron gravity drain pipeA760 鈥� A760/A760M-99 : Specification of corrugated steel pipe, sewer pipe, metal-plated drainage pipe.A761 鈥� A761/A761M-98 : Specification of corrugated, zinc coated steel structural steel sheet, dome and dome tubeA762 鈥� A762/A762M-98 : Specification of corrugated steel pipe, polymer coated sewer pipeA790 鈥� A790/A790M-99 : Ferritic and Austenitic type welded and cast stainless steel pipe specification.A796 鈥� A796/A796M-99 : Practice in structural design of corrugated shell steel pipes, domes and arched tubes for sewage and stormwater drains and other buried applications.A798 鈥� A798/A798M-97a : Practice installing factory-made corrugated shell steel pipes for sewer and other applications.A807 鈥� A807/A807M-97 : Practice installing corrugated shell structural pipes for sewer and other applications.A810 鈥� A810-94 : Specification of galvanized steel pipe coil mesh.A813 鈥� A813/A813M-95e2 : Single or double welded Austenitic stainless steel pipe specification.A814 鈥� A814/A814M-96 (1998): Specification for cold welded austenitic stainless steel pipe.A849 鈥� A849-99 : Specification for coatings, paving, linings for sewers and drains in corrugated steel.A861 鈥� A861-94e1 : Specification for heat-resistant silicon iron pipes and fittings.A862 鈥� A862/A862M-98 : Practical application of asphalt coating for corrugated steel pipes and drains.A865 鈥� A865-97 : Specification of threaded joints in black steel, welded or cast galvanized steel used for steel pipe joints.A872 鈥� A872-91 (1997) : Specification for centrifugal cast Ferritic/Austenitic stainless steel tubes in corrosive media.A885 鈥� A885/A885M-96 : Specification of sheet steel, galvanized and coated with Aramid fiber for corrugated steel sewers, underground sewers and underground drains.A888 鈥� A888-98e1 : Specification for hubless cast iron pipes and fittings for sewage, stormwater, waste and vent pipe applications.A926 鈥� A926-97 : Test method to compare the abrasion resistance of the outer coating (plated/coated) material of corrugated metal pipes.A928 鈥� A928/A928M-98 : Specification for electric welded Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) stainless steel pipe with filler metal.A929 鈥� A929/A929M-97 : Specification of sheet metal coated by hot dipping process for steel pipe with corrugated shell.A930 鈥� A930-99 : Practical life cycle cost analysis of corrugated metal pipes used for underground sewers, storm drains and other buried conduitsA943 鈥� A943/A943M-95e1 : Specification of injection molded austenitic stainless steel pipe.A949 鈥� A949/A949M-95e1 : Specification of injection-molded Ferritic/Austenitic stainless steel pipe.A954 鈥� A954-96 : Specification of Chromium-Nickel-Silicon alloy austenitic steel pipe for casting and welding.A972 鈥� A972/A972M-99 : Specification for epoxy bonded pipe piles.A978 鈥� A978/A978M-97 : Specification of Ribbed steel pipe, Polyethylene lining for gravity sewers, stormwater drains and other special applications.A984 鈥� A984/A984M-00 : Specification of black steel pipe, resistance welding.A998 鈥� A998/A998M-98 : Practice designing reinforced structures for factory-made corrugated steel pipe fittings for sewer pipes and other applications.A999 鈥� A999/A999M-98 : Specification of general requirements for stainless steel and alloy steel pipes.A1005 鈥� A1005/A1005M-00 : Black steel pipe specification, longitudinal and spiral joint, submerged arc welding.A1006 鈥� A1006/A1006M-00 : Specification of black steel pipe, laser welding.Steel Tubes 鈥� Super Hot Steel Tubes, Boiler Tubes And Other Tubes:A178 鈥� A178/A178M-95 : Specification of resistance welded Carbon steel and Carbon-Manganese superheater pipes and boiler tubes.A179 鈥� A179/A179M-90a (1996) e1 : Specification for cold drawn, cast low carbon steel condenser and heat exchanger tubes.A192 鈥� A192/A192M-91 (1996) e1 : High temperature cast carbon steel boiler tube specification.A209 鈥� A209/A209M-98 : Specification for superheater tubes and boiler tubes in cast Carbon-Molybdenum alloy steel.A210 鈥� A210/A210M-96 : Specification for superheater tubes and boiler tubes in cast Medium-Carbon alloy steel.A213 鈥� A213/A213M-99a : Specification of heat exchanger tubes, superheater tubes, cast iron ferritic and austenitic alloy steel boiler tubes.A249 鈥� A249/A249M-98e1 : Specification of condenser tube, heat exchanger tube, superheater tube, boiler tube made of welded Austenitic steel.A250 鈥� A250/A250M-95 : Specification of superheater tubes and boiler tubes made of resistance welded ferritic alloy steel.A254 鈥� A254-97 : Specification of copper welded steel pipe.A268 鈥� A268/A268M-96 : Specification of Ferritic and Martensitic stainless steel pipes cast and welded under normal circumstances.A269 鈥� A269-98 : Specification for cast and welded Austenitic stainless steel pipes under normal circumstances.A270 鈥� A270-98ae1 : Cast and welded austenitic stainless steel drainage pipe specification.A334 鈥� A334/A334M-99 : Specification of Carbon steel pipes and cast alloys, welded at low temperature.A423 鈥� A423/A423M-95 : Specification for low-alloy steel pipe casting, electric welding.A450 鈥� A450/A450M-96a : Specification for general requirements for Carbon steel pipes, Austenitic alloy steel pipes and Ferritic alloy steel pipes.A608 鈥� A608-91a (1998) : Centrifugal cast iron-chromium-nickel high-alloy steel pipe specification for high-temperature pressure applications.A618 鈥� A618-99 : Specification for low alloy structural pipe, hot welded and cast with high strength.A632 鈥� A632-98 : Austenitic stainless steel pipe specification (small diameter) cast and welded under normal circumstances.A688 鈥� A688/A688M-98 : Specification of welded austenitic stainless steel hot water pipes.A771 鈥� A771/A771M-95 : Cast Austenitic and Martensitic stainless steel tube specification for liquid metal cooled reactor core components.A778 鈥� A778-98 : Welded and unhardened austenitic stainless steel tubular product specification.A789 鈥� A789/A789M-00 : Specification for Ferritic/Austenitic welded stainless steel pipe and cast under normal circumstances.A803 鈥� A803/A803M-98 : Specification of welded Ferritic stainless steel water heater pipe.A822 鈥� A822-90 (1995) e1 : Specification for cold drawn carbon steel pipe for hydraulic system.A826 鈥� A826/A826M-95 : Cast Austenitic and Martensitic stainless steel duct specification for liquid metal cooled reactor core components.A847 鈥� A847-99a : Low alloy structural pipe specification, hot welded and high strength casting with improved resistance to atmospheric corrosion.A908 鈥� A908-91 (1998) : Stainless steel needle tube specification.A953 鈥� A953-96 : Specification of welded pipe, casting Austenitic Chromium-Nickel-Silicon alloy steel.Heat-Exchanger And Condenser TubesA179 鈥� A179/A179M-90a (1996) e1 : Cold drawn low carbon steel condenser and heat exchanger tube specification.A213 鈥� A213/A213M-99a : Specification of condenser and heat exchanger tubes, superheater tubes, boiler tubes of cast ferritic and austenitic alloy steel.A214 鈥� A214/A214M-96 : Specification of resistance welded carbon steel condenser and heat exchanger tubes.A249 鈥� A249/A249M-98e1 : Specification of condenser and heat exchanger tubes, superheater tubes, boiler tubes of welded Austenitic steel.A498 鈥� A498-98 : Specification for cast iron ferritic, and austenitic alloy steel heat exchanger tubes with integral fins.A851 鈥� A851-96 : Specification for high frequency induction welded austenitic steel condenser tubes, not quenched.Structural Tubing 鈥� Structural TubingA500 鈥� A500-99 : Specification for carbon steel structural pipes cast, welded, round and other shapes.A501 鈥� A501-99 : Specification for hot-welded and cast carbon steel structural pipes.A847 鈥� A847-99a : High strength cast, cold welded, low alloy structural tube specification with improved resistance to atmospheric corrosion.A618 鈥� A618-99 : Specification for hot-welded, high-strength cast low-alloy structural pipes.Above are detailed information about ASTM standards and a list of the most common ASTM steel standards. Hopefully, this article of AG真人游戏 Steel has helped you better understand this common international term. For all questions and need for advice on importing steel from Vietnam, please contact AG真人游戏 Steel via Email [email protected] for enthusiastic support.

After completing the required steel production process, the factories will package and transport the steel to the importer. This process needs to comply with strict storage and handling standards as it impacts product quality.1. Transporting steel from the factoryOnce the order production process is completed, the method of transporting steel depends on various factors, depending on the customer's requirements, such as:Weight of steelNumber of componentsForm of transportationGeographical distanceWeather conditionsDelivery time鈥herefore, the importer needs to provide detailed transportation requirements and at the same time discuss with the factory to find the most reasonable plan, optimize time and ensure the safety of the package.During transportation, the product is firmly fixed to avoid being moved or bumped causing dents or deformation. Transportation vehicles are also carefully calculated so that no problems occur during travel.2. Preserve steel structuresWhen steel structures are waiting for export, they must be strictly and carefully preserved in warehouses that meet the following basic requirements:- The warehouse has a capacity of 0.5-1T per 1m2 for solid structures and 0.6-0.8T per 1m2 for other light structures. Arrangement of steel components must comply with predetermined procedures.- The warehouse floor must also be flat, dry and able to bear weight. When arranging products, ensure the following factors:+ Use concrete or wooden panels as support for steel structures, arrange them neatly into piles of multiple tiers to optimize space.+ The height of each pile must be less than 1.5m and the distance between two piles must be at least 0.75m, the distance between the edge of the pile and the transport road is less than 2m.- Arrange in a straight and tidy line, products do not come into direct contact with the background, the minimum height between the structures and the background is 20-30 cm- Arrange steel structures according to weight, usage needs and small details should be divided into areas3. Loading and unloading process of steel structuresUnder the ship's holdShore cranes or ship cranes use support tools such as cables and specialized hooks to access the ship's deck area to load cargo. Workers attach specialized hooks to both ends of the packages and stack the appropriate number of packages based on the weight and lifting capacity of the crane. The crane stops at a height of about 2 meters to perform safety checks before continuing to the required position. After the goods leave the hatch, workers in the ship's hold can install new packages. The principles, technical requirements and labor safety that need to be noted are as follows:Goods are taken from top to bottom, do not take one side as this will cause the package to be unbalancedShaped steel goods or long heavy structures need to use sharp cables or crowbars to lift the goods when threading the cablesOn the wharfWhen the goods are brought to the unloading position by the crane, workers use a landing hook to adjust the position of the package and let it drop gently and safely. Steel structures are transported by forklifts to the yard or unloaded onto transport vehicles as required. For the process of loading and unloading goods on the wharf, it is necessary to meet the following techniques:Goods must be padded in a stable and secure manner before the cable hook can be removed from the packageWorkers keep a safe distance from packages during the loading and unloading processOn yards and warehousesForklifts stack goods into piles under the guidance of the manager in charge. Goods are arranged in a certain order, ensuring safety requirements for height, size, and distance. The maximum height of each pile is 1.5m, the distance between piles is 5m, fixed with pads to avoid rolling and falling.4. AG真人游戏 Steel supports the entire Vietnamese steel import processIn recent times, the General Department of Customs has continuously updated documents guiding the process of exporting steel in the form of public or bulk ships. AG真人游戏 Steel's logistics team will search for the most optimal shipping unit and form for the package, ensuring cost and time savings for customers.AG真人游戏 Steel has more than 12 years of experience in the field of exporting Vietnamese steel to numerous countries and continents around the world. Therefore, importers are completely assured of our reputation and experience in the international market.Hopefully the above sharing about the process of transporting, loading, unloading, and preserving steel bales has helped you grasp the important principles in importing and exporting steel by sea. Any questions about "how to import Vietnamese steel", please contact AG真人游戏 Steel via Whatsapp:+84 76 911 2358 for 24/7 support.

In building structures recently, the G550 Galvalume Steel Coil suddenly stands out as a useful solution for contractors thanks to its outstanding durability as well as meeting all strict quality standards, contributing to creating a durable structure over the years.1. Origin of G550 Galvalume Steel CoilGalvanized aluminum zinc alloy was first introduced to the public in 1972 with the trade name Galvalume. This is considered as a new improved version formed from galvanized steel sheet through hot-dip galvanizing with the proportions of 55% Aluminum, 43.5% Zinc and 1.5% Silicon.The introduction of Galvalume has been well received from the public, typically after 7 years since its launch, Galvalume has reached the 1 million tons of finished products. Although Galvalume was so popular in the steel industry at that time, until 1990 that the product first appeared in the Vietnamese market. Since 2008, when Vietnam joined the WTO and its economy is thriving, it has led to a series of construction projects being invested more. Contractors have gradually become interested in Galvalume in applying to make roof structures and make up formed purlin frames because Galvalume brings the outstanding advantage including good heat tolerance along with superior oxidation resistance than other products.Currently, Galvalume has been developed and expanded according to many different technical standards, the most popular standards are  from Japan, USA, Europe and Australia. The Australian standard is impressive as a typical standard for steels possessing high hardness and resistance when its Elongation percentage is only 2% - the lowest index when comparing similarity Tensile value among the other three criteria. The specific product which has amazing features is Galvalume Steel Coil G550.2. The technical specifications and signsGalvalume Steel Coil G550 is manufactured according to Australian standards to meet the constitutions and the load level of pressure in steel on Yield Strength, Tensile and % Elongation.G550 has a minimum yield strength of 550 N/mm2, indicating  the remarkable resistance when it can take a huge force of 550 Newtons, equivalent to 55 kg per mm2 to make the product is deformed. In addition, the product also has a Tensile of 550 N/mm2 and the index is not much different from the Yield Strength. Therefore, it can be said that the Galvalume Steel Coil G550 possesses almost absolute hardness and brittleness. This figure contributes to increasing the rigidity of the product in particular and the solidity of the construction in general, minimizing warped or dented products at the construction site.Currently, Galvalume Steel Coil G550 has 2 main colors including: Blue (AZ150), Bronze (AZ200). Depending on the color, the manufacturer will cover a zinc coating with different thicknesses, specifically 150g/mm2 for the navy blue type and 200g/mm2 for the copper color type. Possessing a zinc coating thickness of over 150, not only helps the product own a beautiful glossy surface from the zinc properties, but also enhances the excellent oxidation resistance, limiting the absorption of heat from the sun of aluminum.3. Outstanding advantages of G550 and common applicationsBecause of the special combination of aluminum and zinc, the product has improved its resistance to corrosion and oxidation, while adding excellent heat and fire resistance to help G550 Galvalume Steel Coil withstand local wind and rain loads, it's extremely suitable for roofing applications in construction.In the past, people often used black iron to make parts in the roof structure frame, but the types of black iron are very susceptible to rust, so the users have to check and maintain it every year. Since galvalume steel was introduced, it has shown 4 times longer life than ordinary black or galvanized steel, so the problem of ensuring sustainability has been thoroughly solved. Specifically, the G550 Galvalume Steel Coil series is frequently used by contractors in making purlins and bridges for tiled structural frames. Under the effect of the zinc coating, the surface of the structural frame will always maintain a shiny condition, bringing a good appearance to the building, the coating also helps to limit peeling and scratches, maintaining the appearance which is bright and new to the roof over time.4. Prestigious trading G550 Galvalume Steel Coil in VietnamChoosing a high quality product like G550 Galvalume Steel Coil for your structures is not only the right choice but also this decision brings the long-term benefit for your business. Currently on the market, there are many suppliers of G550 Galvalume Steel Coil, but choosing a reputable supplier with an appropriate price is always an irresolute action for contractors as well as international importers.During the past, AG真人游戏 Steel has always been the perfect choice for international importers in providing solutions for advising, selling and transporting steel in the Vietnam market. Based on substantial experience in the steel industry together with establishing relationships with domestic manufacturers, we are confident to be your solid companion in the comprehensive trading process from the exchange & signing stage to shipping stage. If you are looking for a professional G550 Galvalume Steel Coil supplier or have demand to know a clear grasp of market price trends, come to AG真人游戏 Steel!

In the future, "green steel" can completely replace conventional steel, but this is a long-term game and costs a lot of money. So let's find out with AG真人游戏 Steel what green steel is and why it is so important.Steelmaking is an industry that pollutes the enviromentsAmong heavy industries, steel production, although it plays the most important role in the world economy, is also the industry that emits the most CO2. According to a Bloomberg NEF report, the steel industry accounts for about 8%鈥�9% of the world's total carbon emissions. Currently, blast furnace steel production accounts for 70%鈥�80% of steel making technology being applied worldwide; the remaining few are applying green steel making methods. No matter how steel is smelted, the industry is still emitting many harmful gasses that affect people and the environment.In the steel manufacturing industry, normally to produce 1 ton of steel, 10,000 m3 of exhaust gas and 100 kg of dust must be released into the environment, along with many other harmful emissions, which contain many heavy metals and metal oxides such as CO, CO2, SO2, and NO2.Green Steel - The future of the steel industryGreen steel is a steel product that is manufactured using environmentally friendly technology but is not really different from conventional steel. The steel produced relies heavily on the use of green hydrogen, a product of renewable electricity, rather than burning coke and iron ore like conventional steel. A process with great promise for the steel industry, as the carbon and hydrogen decarbonization routes will release water, thereby reducing the amount of CO2 in the steel industry by up to 90%.Of these, hydrogen used in green steel can be generated in many ways, such as through electricity, which uses an electric current that splits water into oxygen and hydrogen. If the electricity comes from wind or solar energy, then the hydroelectric output is called green hydrogen or renewable hydrogen.The Earth is increasingly warming due to the impact of the greenhouse effect, which is the main cause of direct impacts on human life. In the context of countries' governments taking measures to improve the environment, green steel production is a method that is both vital for the steel industry and contributes to limiting global climate warming.Is green steel expensive?Green steel will be more expensive than conventional steel because it uses more complex and expensive production methods. In 2018, SSAB published an estimate that green steel prices were about 20%鈥�30% more expensive than conventional steel prices at that time. Therefore, if the production cost is higher, the price of green steel in the future may become more and more expensive. As a result, the price of products made from steel will also increase.With the benefits it brings, green steel will be the main source of steel and the future of the steel industry in the near future. Hopefully, with the use of this renewable energy source, the steel industry will reduce its impact on nature and the environment. AG真人游戏 Steel has just brought you information about green steel and its benefits. If you have any questions, please contact us here.

Vietnam is one of the ideal steel import markets of many countries in the ASEAN region, Europe, America,... Import-export activities are increasingly growing, leading to payment forms also expanding to meet customer requirements. In this article, AG真人游戏 Steel will introduce the TT payment that importers can use when paying for orders in Vietnam.1. What is TT payment?Telegraphic Transfer (TT) is a form of international payment in which the bank will transfer money to the beneficiary (exporting party) in the form of Swift/telex telegraphic transfer based on the request of the payer (importing party). There are 3 forms of T/T payment as follows:TT in advance: The buyer (importer) pays part or all of the order to the seller (exporter) before receiving the goods.TT in sight: The buyer pays the seller for the order immediately upon receiving the goods and all necessary documents.TT at X day: The buyer pays the order after a period of time after receiving the goods and documents.2. T/T payment process when transacting at AG真人游戏 SteelTT payment activities have many unique characteristics and regulations. Below are the steps to make TT payments when purchasing goods at AG真人游戏 Steel:Step 1: Ship goods and documentsFirst, AG真人游戏 Steel will pack the goods, deliver the goods and all necessary documents to the importer. Documents and order information will be carefully checked to avoid errors.Step 2: Request the bank to transfer moneyAfter the goods and documents have been sent, the importer writes a money transfer order and sends documents along with the documents to the bank and requests money transfer to AG真人游戏 Steel. At this time, customers can choose the prepaid or postpaid money transfer method:- In case of prepaid money transfer, it is necessary to prepare the following documents: money transfer order, foreign trade contract, foreign currency purchase contract (if the business's foreign currency account is insufficient, the importer needs to buy foreign currency for payment). When receiving the goods, the importer needs to supplement the bank with customs declarations, bills of lading, and commercial invoices.- In case of postpaid money transfer, the importer needs to prepare documents including: money transfer order, foreign trade contract, foreign currency purchase contract (if any), customs declaration, bill of lading, commercial goods.Step 3: The bank notifies the importerAfter the bank has received all necessary documents from the importer, they will deduct money to AG真人游戏 Steel and send a debt letter to this party.Step 4: Transfer moneyThe agent bank transfers the payment and reports to the exporter.3. Important notes to avoid risks when paying TTUnderstand the role of banksThe bank is simply the party receiving and transferring money at the request of the buyer and seller, so it is not responsible for supervising, urging and monitoring the payment process nor holding the import-export documents. Therefore, the importer must carefully research the reputation of the seller because if any risks or fraud occur, the bank will not be responsible.Risk management for full prepaymentThe risk will lie with the buyer because they have to pay TT in advance while not knowing the condition of the goods. The seller may receive money but not deliver the goods, deliver late or have poor quality goods. Therefore, importers should only pay TT in advance of 40% of the order value and pay the rest in other forms as agreed. If the order value is small or the partner transacts many times, you can still pay 100% TT in advance. AG真人游戏 Steel's sales contract specifically stipulated terms related to handling policies in case of defective delivery, not on schedule or missing goods, so 100% of international customers always feel secure when transacting TT.Risk management for postpaid paymentWhen customers choose to pay postpaid, the seller may bear risks such as late payment, non-payment, non-receipt of goods,... Therefore, to ensure transaction safety, both parties can be applied the following methods:40% prepayment and and 60% paid after 15 days from the date of receipt of goods, draft issued by a reputable bank from the importer30% prepayment, the remaining 70% using the form of L/C at sight, irrevocable30% prepayment, 30% L/C irrevocable immediately and 40% paid after 30 days from receipt of goodsAbove are some popular forms of payment when importing steel that you can refer to. AG真人游戏 Steel always tries to create the most favorable conditions for importers, so if there is any problem, you can contact AG真人游戏 Steel via Email: [email protected] for the most thoughtful discussion and advice.

When working in the import-export field related to payment issues, we cannot overlook the method of Letters of Credit (LC). Especially in the steel industry, the use of LC becomes increasingly important because the value of shipments is typically high and the product quality requirements are very stringent. In this article, let AG真人游戏 Steel learn about the role with the pros & cons of LC payment in import and export.Definition and the important role of LC in import exportLC is an abbreviation for Letter of Credit, which is a letter created by a bank at the request of the importer (i.e., the buyer in a merchandise transaction). The main purpose of the letter of credit is to establish a monetary commitment between the importer (buyer) and exporter (seller) at a specific point in time. Accordingly, the bank will represent the importer in making payments when the exporter provides appropriate payment documents as stipulated in the previously agreed LC.The LC payment in export and import plays a crucial role for transactions as it stands as a credible connection between two representatives from different countries, ensuring both parties feel secure about their benefits. In many cases, the exporter (selling party) also has a representative bank, and the seller will transfer this valid set of documents to their representative bank in the exporting country. Thus, the importer, exporter, and bank are the entities involved in the LC payment process.Pros and cons of LC payment methodThere's always the presence of two banks representing both sides along with stringent requirements to balance opposing interests in LC payment in export and import. Therefore, in many situations, the Letter of Credit (LC) has its advantages and disadvantages.ProsEnsuring secure transactions for both parties: Once the bank issues an LC, the exporter can trust that they will receive payment, as long as they comply with all conditions stipulated in the LC. Similarly, the importer only has to pay when all conditions in the LC are correctly met, meaning when the goods are delivered on time and meet the requirement. Importers can feel secure about their interests since the LC forces the exporter to adhere to regulations to get paid.Reducing risks about market fluctuation: Steel belongs to the category of goods whose exchange rates continuously change in the international market. In the worst-case when the counterparty refuses to pay due to a drop in steel prices after a contract has been signed, the bank will still proceed with the payment steps as previously committed.Legal recourse capability: Commercial transactions between two countries can differ significantly in terms of legal systems, business cultures, and economic situations. In case of disputes, the LC provides a clear legal framework for involved parties, thereby reducing the risk when one of the two sides fails to commit to payment.ConsHigh cost: the value of steel shipments in import-export transactions often takes place on a large scale with high transaction value. Therefore it forces many banks to participate, thus the fees related to opening and confirming a LC can be high.Complexity: LC requires a substantial amount of documentation and strict adherence to conditions, so all participating parties are meticulous in the documentation process. Hence, even a minor error in document verification can delay the payment process. Furthermore, once an LC has been issued, amending its terms becomes quite challenging without the consensus of all involved parties.Banking risks: In cases where the bank issuing the LC faces payment difficulties, the seller might be exposed to risks.Payment assurance without quality assurance: Specifically, the bank stands as the entity responsible for document verification, they are not related to goods quality inspection. Hence, there's a significant possibility that businesses might receive poor-quality shipments, even though their payment rights are secured.Overview the processes of LC payment in export and importSteel import-export transactions are always complex due to the time consumption and cultural differences as well as the geographical distance between two countries. Therefore, the payment process requires the involvement of multiple parties, not only between the exporters and importers but also logistics providers and payment representatives. Below is the detailed procedure to initiate the LC payment in export and import.Determine terms and conditionsBoth the importer and the exporter must first agree on the conditions within the foreign trade contract and the payment step will be specified by using the documentary credit method L/C.Request for opening L/CAfter reaching an agreement with the exporter, the importer will refer to the payment terms in the contract and request the bank to open the L/C. Typically, when opening an L/C, the importer must deposit a margin ranging from 0% to 100% based on the value of the cargo to ensure payment capability.Notification and confirmation of L/CUpon deeming it appropriate, the issuing bank will proceed to open the L/C and notify the exporter's bank. If consistent with the credit letter, the bank that opens the L/C will pay the bank's exporter and send the set of cargo receipt documents to the importer.Exporter reviews and delivers as requirementThe exporter will carefully review the content of the letter of credit. When the delivery time arrives, the exporter will provide the set of payment documents as required by the L/C and send them to the L/C issuing bank on the importer's side.Check L/C and proceed with paymentAfter receiving the documents from the exporter, the L/C bank must verify the validity of the document. If the documents are incorrect, the bank has the right to request adjustments, if it's valid, the bank that opens the L/C will pay the notifying bank and send the set of cargo receipt documents to the importer.At this point, the importer receives the documents from the bank opening LC and checks them. If found satisfactory, they will make payment to the bank.Choosing a reputable steel supplier to minimize risks in export-import transactionsIn the process of participating in LC in export and import transactions, banks play a crucial role as they directly affect both parties. Not only do they ensure payment for the exporter, but they also take responsibility for the importer receiving the goods as per the agreed requirements.Similarly, as an importer, choosing a reputable exporter is equally essential because the bank's responsibility is limited to checking and verifying documents, so they're not related to the quality of goods. Thus, partnering with a reputable steel supplier ensures the quality of the goods and avoids any risks about the quality for the project.AG真人游戏 Steel - the provider steel solutions for importers always ensures the provision of steel grades that meet quality standards. Moreover, we have diverse steel supply from major factories like Hoa Phat, Hoa Sen, and Nam Kim, so each steel product we offer undergoes rigorous inspection processes to ensure maximum value for your project.AG真人游戏 Steel is not just a steel solutions provider but also we are a hub sharing knowledge and experience in the steel industry. Partnering with AG真人游戏 Steel means not only purchasing high-quality products but also receiving expert consultation and attentive sales services from our sales team.Importers who need product advice suitable for projects or detailed pricing are welcome to contact us at the email [email protected] or on Whatsapp: +84 76 911 2358.